Abstract: To enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of reserve talent cultivation in competitive sports in China and explore the distribution pattern of advantageous sports, this study selects the practices of distribution of sports in three regions, namely weightlifting in Fujian Province, gymnastics in Hunan Province, and diving in Guangdong Province, as cases to explore the formation mechanism of the “One Region, One Specialty” advantageous sports distribution. The findings of this study reveal that these three case regions have formed precise selection, precise management, and precise guidance strategies for advantageous sports distribution by identifying unique resource endowment structures, establishing interconnected organizational systems, and exploring the patterns of cultivating elite talents. Simultaneously, by fully integrating the local contexts such as the competitive foundation of sports, the development atmosphere, and the cultivation conditions, and adopting a governance model that combines rigidity and flexibility, they have broken through the deep-seated institutional and mechanism barriers in the cultivation of reserve talents, innovated the cultivation paths of sports, and promoted the formation of an elite-oriented concept for cultivating reserve talents. Thus, a “One Region, One Specialty” advantageous sports distribution mechanism encompassing talent cultivation system reform, ingenious resource allocation, and technological iteration has been established.