Abstract: Analyzing the spatial-temporal differentiation and dynamic evolutionary patterns of national fitness basic public services carries both theoretical and practical significance for advancing equitable access to these services and building a higher-tier national fitness public service system. This study constructs a multidimensional evaluation index system to assess the supply level of national fitness basic public services using the entropy method. Employing the Dagum Gini coefficient (with decomposition), convergence models, and Markov chain analysis, we systematically explore their spatial-temporal divergence and convergence patterns, and dynamic evolutionary trend. The findings reveal three key insights: 1) While the overall supply level demonstrates a marked upward trajectory, the entrenched spatial hierarchy—“increasing from west to east”—remains unaltered. 2) Internal disparities are narrowing in eastern and western regions but widening nationally and within the central region. Net interregional differences dominate overall disparities, though their contribution has diminished in recent years. 3) Absolute and conditional β-convergence are observed nationwide and across eastern, central, and western regions, suggesting progression toward region-specific steady states. Despite the country’s potential to achieve higher service standards, risks of polarization and stagnation in underperforming areas persist. To address these challenges, we propose: 1) A dual strategy of “macro-level governance ＋ regionally tailored policies” to enhance coordinated development; 2) Cross-regional collaboration through “model demonstrations ＋ spatial spillover effects”; 3) Accelerate the evolutionary advancement of national fitness basic public services via “digital intelligence-empowered solutions ＋ multi-stakeholder provision.”