Abstract: Establishing a multi-agent collaborative governance system for sports intangible cultural heritage is not only an essential requirement for enhancing the modernization of sports governance capabilities but also a key step in promoting cultural confidence and self-reliance, as well as realizing China’s modernization. Drawing on collaborative governance theory and evolutionary game theory, combined with field research on Meishan Wushu, this study develops an evolutionary game model of collaborative governance involving the government, social organizations, inheritors, and the public. Through numerical simulation, it analyzes how variations in key parameters influence the evolutionary trajectory of the game system. The findings reveal that: 1) The government plays a key role in collaborative governance, and passive regulation makes it difficult to achieve collaborative governance; 2) appropriate incentive and punishment mechanisms can effectively motivate relevant agents, but their intensity must be precisely balanced; 3) revenue-sharing and cost-sharing mechanisms can optimize governance outcomes, improving the quality of collaborative governance and the efficiency of resource integration; 4) the return discount factor influences agent behavior, necessitating evaluation mechanisms to track contributions and prevent free-riding. The study proposes the following recommendations: 1) Leveraging Party building leadership as the core driver to improve the institutional mechanisms of collaborative governance for sports intangible cultural heritage; 2) strengthening interest linkages as a key safeguard to enhance the incentive mechanisms of collaborative governance; 3) fostering multi-agent co-construction as a foundational support to optimize cooperative mechanisms; 4) and employing collective creation as an important vehicle to refine evaluation mechanisms for collaborative governance.