Abstract: For decades, the students’ physical fitness in China have drawn great attention from the Party and the state. Under the efforts of government departments and schools, students’ physical fitness has improved; however, it still remains less than ideal and is a cause for concern. Students’ physical fitness can be influenced by multiple factors, which means that improving and enhancing students’ physical fitness levels requires the concerted efforts of all parties, as relying solely on school physical education may not be sufficient. The primary channel for school physical education is the Physical Education and Health curriculum. Although relying on the reform of the Physical Education and Health curriculum alone may not lead to significant improvements in students’ physical fitness, it plays an important role in promoting positive changes. By continuously deepening curriculum reform and implementing high-quality Physical Education and extracurricular sports activities, students’ physical fitness is expected to improve further. This paper mainly discusses and analyzes four issues: The relationship between curriculum reform of the Physical Education and health and students’ physical fitness, the effect of Physical Education and Health curriculum reform on students’ physical fitness, the comprehensive measures to address the issues of students’ physical fitness, and the focus on targeted and prioritized measures. This paper aims to serve as a reference for better leveraging the role of physical education and health curriculum reform in promoting students' physical health.