Abstract: The high-quality development of public sports services for persons with disabilities is crucial for enhancing life quality and support systems for this demographic. Using methods including literature review, field research, and logical analysis, this study establishes a conceptual framework for this development. The analysis focuses on three key relationships: between Chinese-style modernization and high-quality development, between equality and equity, and between general public sports services and those tailored for persons with disabilities. Clarifying these relationships is instrumental in fostering the systematic advancement of inclusive sports services. The findings indicate that although China has made overall progress in public sports services for persons with disabilities from the 12th to the 14th Five-Year Plan periods, challenges remain—such as ambiguous service standards, inadequate resource integration, and insufficient foundational support. Therefore, during the 15th Five-Year Plan period, the strategic focus should be on standardizing operations, optimizing resource allocation and integration, and strengthening foundational safeguards. This will improve service quality, efficiency, and vitality, ultimately fostering high-quality development in the sector.