Abstract: Objective:To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise or/and glutamine(Gln) supplement on expression of muscle nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),myeloperoxidase(MPO) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) mRNA,as well as serum level of fasting blood-glucose(FBG),insulin(ISN) and of glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM).Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats(179.8±19.2 g) were randomly divided into control group(C,n=26) and diabetic group(D,n=34).After 4 weeks of regular diet or high fat diet respectively,the rats in the diabetic group were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin(35 mg/kg) to induce the T2DM model,as soon as the model was induced,the rats in each group were further divided into 4 groups:quiet group(CQ,DQ),exercise group(CE,DE),Gln group(CG,DG),exercise plus Gln group(CEG,DEG).The rats in exercise groups performed swimming for 6 weeks,in Gln groups fed with 2%(w/w) L-Gln for 6 weeks.Abdominal aorta blood was harvested for testing FBG,ISN and GLP-1,gastrocnemius muscle for muscle NF-κB,MPO and MCP-1 mRNA.Results:T2DM rats without exercise(DQ) had more expression of NF-κB,MCP-1 and MPO mRNA,higher FBG and lower INS and GLP-1 than control group(CQ).6 weeks swimming(DE) or Gln supplement(DG) obviously decreased NF-κB,MCP-1 and MPO mRNA and FBG level and increased ISN and GLP-1 in T2DM rats.Effect of swimming plus Gln supplement(DEG) showed more suppression on NF-κB mRNA expression of T2DM than the sole Gln supplement(DG),and similar to the sole exercise(DE);on MCP-1 mRNA showed similar effects as sole Gln supplement(DG),but stronger than sole exercise(DE);on MPO mRNA showed similar effects as either sole exercise(DE) or sole Gln supplement(DG);on FBG and GLP-1 showed effects more than either sole exercise(DE) or sole Gln supplement(DG),on ISN showed similar effects as sole exercise(DE) or sole Gln supplement(DG).Conclusion:Chronic aerobic exercise or Gln supplement obviously reduced expression of NF-κB,MPO and MCP-1 mRNA and FBG level,increased GLP-1 and ISN level of T2DM.Combination of swimming and Gln supplement showed stronger effects on decreasing inflammatory cytokines and FBG,increasing GLP-1 of T2DM than either sole swimming or sole Gln supplement,but on ISN the combination showed no more effects.