人体膝关节交叉韧带生物材料力学特征实验研究
Experimental Study on Biomaterial Mechanical Characteristics of Knee Cruciate Ligament
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摘要: 目的:通过对膝关节交叉韧带进行生物材料力学的实验研究,为分析其损伤机理、防治、修复、人工材料置换等提供依据。方法:取膝关节无病变,年龄在25~35岁之间的成年男性左、右膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)与后交叉韧带(PCL),共计24条。将ACL分为前内束(AMB)与后外束(PLB),PCL分为前外束(ALB)与后内束(PMB),并进行冰冻切片,制作标准试件后,使用上海大学力学实验中心“生物材料力学性能测试系统”完成“一维拉伸试验”与“应力松弛试验”。实验数据经统计学处理,进行:1)左、右ACL与PCL相同各部分之间比较;2)ACL各部分之间比较;3)PCL各部分之间比较;4)ACL各部分与PCL各部分之间比较。结果:1)左、右膝关节ACL、PCL各部分之间比较均没有显著性差异;2)1s应力松弛率PMB最大,其次为PLB、ALB、AMB;100s应力松弛率PMB最大,其次为PLB、AMB、ALB,比较结果均呈高度显著性差异(P<0.01);3)在被拉伸至2%时,AMB显著性大于PLB(P<0.05);在被拉伸至4%时,ALB显著性大于AMB(P<0.05);ALB高度显著性大于PLB(P<0.01);在被拉伸至6%和8%时,ALB显著性大于AMB(P<0.05);4)ACL与PCL各部分的拉伸刚度、弹性模量、破坏应力3项指标没有显著性差异(P>0.05);5)PLB与PMB破坏应变显著性大于AMB与ALB(P<0.05)。结论:1)人类膝关节ACL与PCL生物材料力学特征没有侧别差异;2)PMB与PLB的粘性较大,屈曲性较强,具有较好调整负荷的能力,是运动损伤不易发生的材料学原因之一;3)AMB在被拉伸的初始阶段对载荷反应较强,ALB随着材料的被拉伸长度的增加,对负荷的反应呈现逐渐增强的现象;4)由于ACL与PCL来源相同、组织结构相似,故其材料力学特征相同,在生理受力范围内,其抗拉伸能力差异不大。Abstract: Objective:Conduct experimental mechanical biomaterials study on the knee cruciate ligament.Provide basis for the analysis of injury mechanism,prevention,and materials replacement after injury.Methods:Take 24 anterior ACL and posterior PCL ligaments of non-lesions knees from adult males of age from 25 to 35.Divide ACL into AMB and PLB,PCL into ALB and PMB.Prepare standard testing pieces by frozen sections.Conduct Vera stretch tests and Stress relaxation tests and make comparison of different parts of ACL and PCL Results:1) There is no significant difference within different parts of the ACL and PCL.2) For the relaxation rate within 1 second,PMB has the maximum value,followed by PLB,ALB and AMB;For the relaxation rate within 100 seconds,PMB has the maximum value,followed by PLB,AMB and ALB.The comparison results are significantly different(P<0.01).3) When the stretch reaches 2%,the significant difference for AMB is greater than that of PLB(P<0.05);When it reaches 4%,the significant difference for ALB is greater than that of AMB(P<0.05);the significant difference for ALB is greater than that of PLB(P<0.01);When it reaches 6% and 8%,the significant difference for ALB is greater than that of AMB(P<0.05).4) Comparison of the tensile stiffness,the elastic modulus and the fracture stress for each part of ACL and PCL does not show significant difference(P> 0.05).Conclusion:1) There is no significant difference in the biomechanical characteristics for ACL and PCL of human knee cruciate.2) The viscoelasticity is relatively large,and the buckling and stretching ability is relatively strong for PMB and PLB.3) In the initial stage of tensile,the AMB shows strong response to the external load;With increase of the stretched length,the load response of ALB increases gradually.4) In the range of physiological stress,there is no significant differences in the tensile stiffness for ACL and PClL.
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