运动鞋对人体落地冲击和下肢软组织振动的影响

    Effects of Footwear on Impacts and Soft-Tissue Vibrations in Lower Extremity during Landings

    • 摘要: 目的:探讨冲击负荷较大的主、被动落地过程中,运动鞋作为外加干预因素对冲击力特征和软组织振动的影响。方法:12位男性受试者分别穿着强缓冲鞋和对照鞋,从30cm、45cm和60cm高度完成主动落地反跳和被动落地,同步采集分析落地冲击过程中的下肢运动学、地面反作用力、鞋跟加速度以及股四头肌和股后肌群振动信号。结果:主动落地反跳时,运动鞋因素的介入没有对人体主动落地时的冲击特征和相应软组织的共振频率及传递性产生影响;但在被动落地的冲击阶段,相比对照组,穿着强缓冲鞋能够在降低冲击力和鞋跟加速度峰值的同时(P<0.05),显著减小包括冲击频率和鞋跟加速度主频在内的输入信号频率(P<0.05),并降低60cm下落时股四头肌和股后肌群软组织系统的传递性峰值(P<0.05)。结论:主动落地时,运动鞋没有显著改变冲击力和软组织的振动特征;但被动落地过程中,通过运动鞋的干预能够达到减小冲击峰值、降低输入频率以及软组织振动最小化的目的,有利于避免潜在的冲击伤害。

       

      Abstract: Objective:To evaluate the effect of footwear on impact forces and soft-tissue vibrations during landing.Methods:12 male subjects were required to wear high-cushioning shoe(HS) and control shoe(CS) to perform drop jumps(DJ) and passive landings(PL) from 30 cm,45 cm,and 60 cm heights.3D Kinematics,ground reaction force(GRF),acceleration of the shoe heel counter and soft-tissue vibrations of the leg were collected and analyzed.Result:No significant shoe effect was shown neither in the characteristics of the impact force nor the resonance frequency and peak transmissibility of soft-tissue vibrations during DJ.However,HS showed a significantly lower magnitude of both peak GRF and heel accelerations(P<0.05) across all three heights than CS in PL;meanwhile,the GRF and heel acceleration frequency were decreased in the HS compared to CS.And there were also significant lower peak transmissibility in HS for both the quadriceps and hamstrings during the 60-cm height of passive landing(P<0.05).Conclusions:During the active landing,the influence of footwear on impacts and soft-tissue vibrations was insignificant.However,for the passive landing,the footwear would show a beneficial effect on preventing impact-related injuries through reducing impact force & input frequency,and minimizing soft tissue resonance.

       

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