Abstract: Physical literacy has become one of the most focused research topics in physical education.The development of assessing physical literacy is crucially important for understanding physical literacy.The Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy(CAPL)is,by far,the most comprehensive tool for assessing physical literacy of children and adolescents in the world.Assessment of physical literacy in China is still under development and needs to be improved,comparing to the CAPL.The purpose of this study,therefore,is to systematically introduce the CAPL,and to make a comparison between the CAPL and Chinese assessments of physical literacy.The findings of this study indicated that the Chinese assessments should be improved in the following points:1)development with thorough scientific procedure,2)systematically evaluate the indicators of the measurements,and 3)developing a composite index to measure the overall physical literacy.Above all,further studies should be encouraged with the implication of the CAPL.