Abstract: Mitochondria are under dynamic changes.The balance between mitochondria biogenesis,mitochondria fusion,mitochondria fission and mitophagy is vital to maintenance of cellular functions,among which ubiquitin-proteasome system is considered to play a key role.In this review,we aim to discuss the effect of protein ubiquitination on mitochondrial quality control via regulating mitochondrial biogenesis,mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.Relevant molecular mechanism,especially the roles of E3 ligases and ubiquitin-specific proteases will be elaborated.In addition,ubiquitination mediated effect of exercise on mitochondrial quality control will be explored,so as to construct theoretic foundation and provide direction for future researches in this area.