整合性神经肌肉训练对提高女子运动员运动表现及预防运动损伤的影响

    Effect of Integrative Neuromuscular Training on Sport Performance and Injury Prevention of Female Athletes

    • 摘要: 通过一个纵向的前、后测试来量化神经肌肉训练对于提高女子足球运动员的运动表现以及预防运动损伤的影响, 分别在训练干预前、后进行了运动能力测试和生物力学测试。假设该训练可以显著提高运动表现 (垂直跳、侧向单脚跳、速度和灵敏性、卧推和深蹲最大力量) 以及改善下肢动作模式 (提高关节活动度和降低膝内翻和外翻扭矩) 。结果表明, 训练干预后, 实验组与未进行整合性神经肌肉训练的对照组相比, 纵跳、单脚侧跳、速度、灵敏性、卧推和深蹲1RM、膝关节活动度以及膝关节内翻和外翻的力矩均有了统计学意义上的显著提高 (P<0.05) 。研究结论:整合性神经肌肉训练重视屈膝落地动作以及稳定性动作练习, 改变了膝关节发力的生物力学模式, 尤其是在跳深落地瞬间的屈膝动作有明显改善, 提高动作生物力学合理性, 而且能够直接提高运动表现和动作质量。建议:在以后的训练中, 应合理的结合超等长训练、抗阻力量训练、核心稳定性训练、平衡训练以及速度灵敏训练等训练方法, 这些训练的累积效果可以有效提高运动员的运动表现和提高下肢运动生物力学的合理性, 降低运动损伤。

       

      Abstract: This paper used a longitudinal and pretest-posttest design to quantify the effect of neuromuscular training on the improvement of motor performance and prevention of injury. Exercise capacity and biomechanical tests were performed before and after training intervention. The study hypothesized that the training could improve athletic performance significantly (vertical jump, singleleg side jump, speed and agility, bench press and squat 1RM) as well as improved the lower limb movement model (improve the range of knee movement, and reduced knee varus and valgus torque.The results showed that, compared with the control group (CG) which did not carry out the integration of neuromuscular training, the test of vertical jump, single-leg side jump, speed and agility, bench press, squat, knee motion, knee varus and valgus toque of experimental group (EG) showed a significant improvement (P<0.05) .Conclusions:Integrative neuromuscular training emphasizes flexion knee movement and stability exercises. It changes the biomechanical model of the knee joint force. Especially, the knee flexion action at moment of jumping and landing improved obviously. Besides that, the action biomechanical rationality is improved. It can not only reduce the potential risk of lower extremity injury effectively, but also can improve the performance and quality of movement directly. It is suggested that in the following training, the training methods such as super-length training, resisting force training, core stability training, balance training and speed agility training should be combined rationally, the cumulative effects of these training can improve the exercise performance and prevent injury of athletes effectively.

       

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