巫武合流:武术秘密结社组织中的巫术影响研究

    Martial Art Combined with Witchcraft: A Study on Influence of Witchcraft in Secret Association of Martial Arts

    • 摘要: 秘密结社组织常利用流行的武术拳种, 将画符扶乩、托言圣贤、练咒邪法等巫术仪式与习练拳棒等武技融为一体, 形成巫武合流的特征。武术秘密结社组织的类型可分为秘密教门的文武分场、秘密会党的神灵附会和民间拳会的设坛降神。武术发展历史长河中, 武术套路渊源可能始于“模仿巫术”, 武术理论的阴阳、五行、八卦等玄学亦具有神秘性, 不少武术拳种和门派的起源也有自身的传说。特别是明清社会动荡之际, 以义和团为代表的武术秘密结社组织, 与巫术相互依存。义和团等结社组织借助巫术手段可迅速扩大规模、吸纳成员, 其所运用的武术招式与巫术仪式嫁接, 借助巫武合流激发集体战斗的迷狂状态。秘密结社组织中的巫术特征对武术影响包括:推动武术的普及与传播, 催生众多武术门派的形成, 促进内外功法的完善, 残留着封建糟粕和虚妄的因素。面对古已有之的武术结社组织中的巫术特征应积极引导, 挖掘其学术和社会价值;对以武术之名, 行巫术之实的“毒瘤”应坚决取缔并追究相关责任。

       

      Abstract: Secret association often use popular martial arts, scrawl, cursing witchcraft practice such as witchcraft rituals and practicing orvis rod and other martial arts, features to create a confluence of Wu Wu. Martial arts secret association tissue types can be divided into: the secret religion Wenwu Fen Chang, secret party forgeries of gods, folk boxing will set the altar and seance. In the development process of martial arts, many martial arts and martial origin to add a legend, the origin of Wushu routine may begins with "imitative witchcraft". Martial arts theory of Yin and Yang, five elements and the eight diagrams and other metaphysics also has a mystery. Especially in Ming and Qing dynasties social unrest, the boxer as the representative of the martial arts secret organizations, interdependence and witchcraft. Boxer, such as the association with witchcraft rituals of rapid expansion of the scale, to attract members, the use of martial arts moves and witchcraft ceremony grafting, with dance of martial arts fighting collective ecstasy state excitation. Secret societies witchcraft characteristics of organization of development of Wushu effect include: to promote the popularization and spread of martial arts, gave birth to the formation of numerous martial arts, promote the perfection of the internal and external power law, the remnants of the feudal dross and false factors.In the face of the ancient martial arts association organization in the witchcraft beliefs should actively guide and mining its academic and social value;for in the name of martial arts, the witchcraft of“cancer”should be resolutely banned and the relevant responsibility should be investigated.

       

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