Abstract: Objective:To observe the effects of acute aerobic exercise with various intensities on the transcription and translation levels of PGC-1α and its downstream factors in obese mice through the high-fat diet induced mice obesity models, with an aim to further explore the physiological mechanism of PGC-1α signal in exercise for weight loss. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into control group (group C) , low intensity group (group SE) , moderate intensity group (group ME) , and high intensity group (group HE) after successful modeling induced by high-fat diet. The latter 3 groups were given one-time treadmill training at different intensities and were sacrificed immediately after exercise. Serum TNF-α, IRISIN, MCAD and CPT-1contents were determined by ELISA;and relative expression quantities of PGC-1α and its downstream factors PPARγ, PPARβ, TNF-α and FNDC5 m RNA in skeletal muscle were detected by means of q RT-PCR. Results: Compared with group C, the serum MCAD value in group SE was significantly improved (P<0.05) ;TNF-α in group ME and HE was remarkably decreased (P<0.05;P<0.01) ;while differences in CPT-1 and Irisin among four groups showed no statistical significance (P>0.05) . Compared with group C, relative expression quantities of PGC-1αm RNA in skeletal muscle in groups SE, ME and HE were notably enhanced (P<0.01) ;those of PPARγ m RNA in groups ME and HE were markedly up-regulated (P<0.05;P<0.01) ;those of PPARβ m RNA in groups ME and HE were distinctly improved (P<0.01;P<0.05) ;those of TNF-α m RNA in three exercise groups were down-regulated apparently (P<0.01) ;and those of FNDC5 m RNA in groups ME and HE were outstandingly elevated (P<0.05) . Relative expression quantity of PGC-1α m RNA in skeletal muscle showed significantly positive correlation with that of FNDC5 m RNA (P<0.01) ;that of FNDC5 m RNA had low correlation with serum Irisin content (P>0.05) ;and that of PGC-1α m RNA in skeletal muscle showed remarkably positivecorrelation with serum TNF-α content (P<0.05) . Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise can significantly enhance the transcription and translation levels of PGC-1α and its downstream factors.There may be an antagonistic muscular-molecular mechanism between the oxidative metabolism and the inflammatory response of skeletal muscle in mice.