Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the relationship of neck circumference (NC) , waist circumference (WC) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, and provide scientific basis for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Methods:Recruited 57 obese adolescents (25 boys, 32 girls) aged 8~17. The average age is 13.5. Tapes were used to measure the NC and WC. CRF levels were expressed by peak oxygen uptake, which was measured with the gas metabolism analyzer in the graded exercise test. Blood pressure (BP) , lipids, glucose were assessed. Results: Multiple linear regression models showed that after adjusting for age and gender, NC, WC, waist height ratio (WHt R) were all positively correlated with SBP, DBP, TG, and were all negatively correlated with CRF. NC, WC were negatively correlated with HDL. NC was one of risk factors of high SBP (OR:1.278, 95% CI: 1.027, 1.590) , high TG (OR: 1.342, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.772) and low HDL-C (OR: 1.287, 95% CI: 1.042, 1.589) , independent of age, gender, CRF. WC was one of risk factors of high SBP (OR:1.095, 95% CI:1.013, 1.185) , but the prediction of high TG was affected by CRF. After adjustment for age and sex, CRF was negatively correlated to TG. Compared with those of no CVD risk factors, adolescents of more than 1 risk factors, NC, WC, WHt R were significantly higher (P<0.05) , CRF was significantly lower (P<0.05) . Conclusion: NC and WC are both associated with blood pressure and blood lipid in obese adolescents, but the correlation degree is affected with cardiorespiratory fitness. CRF is a protective factor for blood lipid level. What's more, NC and WC could predict the CRF. NC and WC are shorter, CRF is better. It is suggested that studies of obese adolescents should pay attention to the measurement of neck circumference and waist circumference, and the CRF should also be placed great emphasis in the protection of cardiovascular health in the future.