张力为, 孙国晓. 2017: 体育科学实证研究的逻辑流与证据链. 体育科学, 37(4): 3-10,28. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.201704001
    引用本文: 张力为, 孙国晓. 2017: 体育科学实证研究的逻辑流与证据链. 体育科学, 37(4): 3-10,28. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.201704001
    ZHANG Li-wei, SUN Guo-xiao. 2017: Logical Flow and Evidence Chain of Empirical Studies in Sport Sciences. China Sport Science, 37(4): 3-10,28. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.201704001
    Citation: ZHANG Li-wei, SUN Guo-xiao. 2017: Logical Flow and Evidence Chain of Empirical Studies in Sport Sciences. China Sport Science, 37(4): 3-10,28. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.201704001

    体育科学实证研究的逻辑流与证据链

    Logical Flow and Evidence Chain of Empirical Studies in Sport Sciences

    • 摘要: 什么样的论文是好论文?逻辑性强或许是所有好论文的共同特点。从研究问题的来龙去脉、连续研究的起承转合、证据积累的有序推进3个方面讨论了一项研究或一篇论文的逻辑性体现。为了清晰表述研究问题的来龙去脉, 研究者需要首先回答该项研究为什么重要的问题;需要对核心概念给出明确的抽象界定和操作界定;需要旁征博引, 有理有据地说明研究问题的理论价值和应用价值;需要以适当篇幅对前人的研究做出明确的、有说服力的评价, 特别是, 需要指明前人研究的不足或是已知与应知之间的差距。为了合理设计连续研究中的各项子研究, 研究者可以通过平行关系或递进关系体现过渡连接, 并借助11种策略 (或其他策略) 逻辑地、有序地推进自己的研究使之不断走向深入。为了有序推进证据积累的过程, 研究者首先需要不断自问:证据在哪里?是弱证据还是强证据?有证据链支持吗?还需要理解自己的研究处于因果关系证据阶梯的哪个层面。最后指出, 好研究、好论文会使读者在逻辑流和证据链中感受到作者说服的智慧、思辨的力量和理性的光芒。

       

      Abstract: What kind of a paper is a good paper? Strong logic might be a common feature of a good paper. This paper addresses the logical expression of a study or a paper from three points of view:context of a research question, transition between different sub-studies in a series of study and development of evidence accumulation. For clear presentation of research question context researchers need, first of all, to make a strong argument on why the problem is so important, and then to give the clear-cut theoretical and operational definitions of core concepts, to quote and cite extensively references from different sources, and to illustrate theoretical and practical values of a research question. Researchers also need to make clear and persuasive evaluations on previous studies with special comments on research limitations or gap between what has already been known and what should be know. For rational design of sub-studies in a big project, researchers can use parallel transition or deep-going transition with 9 methods to progressively develop the related research. For development of evidence accumulation, researchers need to ask themselves questions such as:where is the evidence? is it weak or strong evidence? Does my claim enjoy support from evidence chain? They also need to know in which evidence stairs of casual relationship their research is aiming for. In the last part of this paper, it is pointed out that a good study or a good paper should make readers enjoy persuasive intelligence, thinking strength, and rationality brightness.

       

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