美国3版《K-12国家体育教育标准》演变对学校体育影响的比较研究及启示

    Comparative Study of the Influence of Evolution of Three Versions of American National Standards for K-12 on School Physical Education and Enlightenment to China

    • 摘要: 对美国1995年、2005年和2013年3版《K-12国家体育教育标准》的演变历程及趋势进行分析, 并主要从国家体育教育标准的变化对美国各州体育教育、体育教师要求及学生体育活动的影响进行比较分析。美国国家学校体育标准培养目标的制定越来越明确与具体, 更加注重对学生个体体育素养的培养, 更加强调学生在体育中对个体和社会的行为责任, 更加强调体育对学生个体成长的价值;受标准变化的影响, 越来越多的州对小学、初中、高中提出了体育教育要求和每周体育课时数要求, 越来越多的州允许学生在线体育学习和允许学生因疾病等情况替换、豁免、放弃体育教育, 而对高中毕业生体育要求、学生健康评估与问责的州的数量没有明显影响;标准的修订对学生参与体育活动、参与体育课有积极影响, 而对减少和控制学生体重超重、肥胖检出率影响不明显。启示:将学生平时体育成绩列入学生学业总成绩;制定有效措施提高体育教师专业发展质量;多途径实现体育教学;组织多样化的体育活动;建立学生“健身打卡”个人档案。

       

      Abstract: Through using the method of literature review and comparison, mainly from two aspects of physical education and changes in the requirements of physical education teachers, this paper makes comparative analysis on impact of evolution of the education standard of K-12 national sports in 1995, 2005 and 2013 on school sports programs in American states, further compare the impact of changes in state school sports programs on students' participation in physical activity, participation in physical education, and obesity and overweight. Enlightenment: including students' usual physical education results in the students' academic achievement, making effective measures to improve the quality of physical education teachers' professional development quality, implementing multi-channel physical education, organizing various sports activities, establishing a personal archive of fitness for students.

       

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