青少年足球教练员训练模式和执教方式研究

    Research on Training Mode and Coaching Behaviors of Youth Soccer Coaches

    • 摘要: 通过调查青少年足球教练员在不同类型训练模式中表现的执教方式来了解影响教练员对执教本质特征的认知程度。应用修订后的青少年足球教练员执教观察记录表来分析我国青少年足球教练员训练模式和执教方式。通过教练员半结构访谈和训练实践调查分析训练模式和执教方式的自我认知水平和训练理念。研究结果显示:1) 青少年足球教练员应用“直接式”训练模式多于“情境式”训练模式, 青少年足球训练中应该增加“情境式”训练, 训练模式对训练指令、技战术反馈、提问和沉默等执教方式存在明显主效应;2) 训练中应减少使用高权威性和多规定性的训练指令、技战术结果性反馈和强化性反馈;减少使用处罚和训斥等责罚性执教方式;技、战术过程性反馈、开放式提问、赞扬和关注性沉默。不同训练模式中的执教方式存在差异, 训练指令和沉默两种执教方式对训练模式产生明显主效应。不同训练模式和不同执教方式之间的交互作用不显著;3) 青少年足球教练员对执教方式的自我认知水平较低;4) 训练实践调查结果与教练员访谈结果之间存在较大差异, 教练员在训练中的实践操作与他们访谈语言表述的训练理念相悖。

       

      Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the coaching behaviors of youth soccer coaches in different training mode and gain insight into the coaches' cognitive degree of the essential characteristics of training. Training mode and coaching behaviors of youth soccer coaches are analyzed by using a modified version of the Coach Analysis Scale. The level of autognosis of training activities and coaching behaviors and training philosophy are analyzed based on the semi-structured interview of the coaches and combine training practice investigation analysis. The results showed that 1) the coaches using more “training form” activities than “playing form”, “playing form” should be added to youth soccer training. Training activities can have significant main effect on training instruction, technical and tactical feedback, questioning and silence; 2) Instructions and technical and tactical feedback of results and reinforcement should be reduced in training, punish and scold should be reduced in training, divergent questioning and praise should be added, There are differences in coaching behaviors in different training activities. Training instruction and silence can have significant main effect on practice activities. The interaction between different training activities and different coaching behaviors is not significant; 3) Youth soccer coaches have low levels of autognosis in coaching behaviors; 4) The results of the training investigation and the interview results of the coaches were significantly different. The practical operation of coaches in training runs counter to the training philosophy of their interview language.

       

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