我国女子短跑后备人才下肢反应力量的研究
Comparative Study on Lower Limb Reactive Force of Female Talent Sprinters in China
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摘要: 目的:研究我国女子短跑后备人才下肢反应力量情况, 以及半蹲跳和40 cm跳深跳高等测试加入短跑项目选材指标的可行性。方法:受试者为125名我国奥林匹克高水平后备人才基地短跑项目在训青少年女子运动员, 根据100 m成绩分为优秀组和普通组, 根据年龄分为12~13岁、14~15岁、16~17岁组。通过半蹲跳和40 cm跳深跳高测试受试者下肢反应力量水平, 运用三维测力台采集以下指标:半蹲跳Fz (垂直) 方向最大力值、腾空高度、最大功率、冲量值;40 cm跳深跳高腾空高度、Fz方向第1峰值、第1谷值、第2峰值、冲量参数。结果:优秀组在半蹲跳Fz方向最大力值、腾空高度、最大功率和40 cm跳深跳高腾空高度、冲量等数据上显著高于普通组。不同年龄组在半蹲跳和40cm跳深跳高多项指标上也存在显著性差异。半蹲跳与40 cm跳深跳高的个别指标与100 m成绩呈显著相关。结论:100 m成绩较好的受试者下肢反应力量水平较高, 但年龄与下肢反应力量水平不完全吻合。半蹲跳和40 cm跳深跳高测试作为评价短跑所需的力量素质指标可加入短跑项目青少年选材指标体系中。Abstract: Objective: To study lower limb reactive force of female talent sprinters and feasibility of adding squat jump and 40 cm drop jump into sprint talent identification system. Methods: One hundred and twenty-five sprinters from National Olympic High Level Single Event Talent Bases voluntarily participated in this test. They were divided into two groups and three groups by the performance of 100 m and age, respectively. Squat jump and 40 cm drop jump were used to test lower limb reactive force of subjects. The kinetic and kinematic data were collected by three-dimensional force platform. Results: there were significant differences in squat jump vertical maximum force, flight height, maximum power as well as 40 cm drop jump flight height and momentum between different performance groups. Significant differences also existed among different age groups. Squat jump and 40 cm drop jump were significantly correlated with 100 m performance in several indicators. Conclusion: Subjects with higher level performance in 100 m have higher lower limb reactive force, but age is not consistent with lower limb reactive force level. Squat jump and 40 cm drop jump can be added into sprint talent identification system.