如何认定体育赛事节目的独创性?——以体育赛事节目的制作为中心
How to Determine the Originality of Sports Events Programs?——Focus on the Production Process of Sports Events Programs
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摘要: “新浪诉凤凰网体育赛事转播权一案”历经4年两审而落下帷幕, 由该案引发的体育赛事节目保护问题仍然没有形成共识。一审、二审法院判决不同的根源在于对体育赛事节目“独创性”认定之分歧。独创性乃著作权法保护之要件, 包括“独立完成”与“创造性”。对于体育赛事节目“独创性”的判断不能仅从法理上分析, 而应深入了解其制作过程, 探究其特征。随着数字传播技术发展与媒介融合演进, 体育赛事节目早已不是对比赛的机械复制, 从制作过程的“独立性”到VR、AR新技术的应用、戏剧化表现手法、感染力解说词等的辅助, 体育赛事节目已经成为一定创造高度的作品, 应受《著作权法》的保护。由于我国现行《著作权法》对视听影像采取“电影作品-录像制品”区分保护模式。在判定体育赛事节目是否受《著作权法》保护的作品时, 法院不自觉地提高了保护门槛, 致使体育赛事节目因达不到电影的创作高度而不能被保护。在第3次《著作权法》修改中, 我国应引入视听作品的概念, 并创设“向公众传播权”, 使体育赛事节目产业链上投资主体的利益能够得到妥善的保护。Abstract: The case of “Sina v.Fenghuang Sports Event Broadcasting Rights” ended after four years of two trials.There is still no consensus on the protection of sports events caused by the case.The difference in the judgments of the first-instance and second-instance courts lies in the differences in the recognition of the “originality” of sports events.Originality is a requirement of copyright law protection, including "independent completion" and "creativity".The judgment on the "originality" of sports events can not be only analyzed from the perspective of legal theory, but should be deeply understood about its production process and explore its characteristics.With the development of digital communication technology and the evolution of media integration, sports events programs have long been not a mechanical copy of the game, with the aid of the “independence” of the production process and the new technologies of VR and AR, dramatic performance techniques, and infectious commentary.Sports events have become highly creative works, and should be protected by China's Copyright Law.Because China's current "copyright law" uses "film works-video products" to distinguish between audio-visual images protection mode.When judging whether sports events are protected by the Copyright Law, our courts have consciously or unconsciously raised the threshold of protection, which has caused sports events to fail to protect due to their inability to reach the height of the film.In the third revision of the "Copyright Law, " China should introduce the concept of audiovisual works and create a "right to spread to the public" so that the interests of investment subjects in the industry chain of sports events can be properly protected.