Abstract: During the cold war, American non-governmental organizations actively participated in sports exchanges between China and the United States as the main body of sino-us sports exchanges, which is closely related to the improvement of sino-us relations, the unique American sports system, the American culture and the characteristics of American non-governmental organizations. The non-governmental organizations involved in sino-us sports exchanges include education non-governmental organizations and sports non-governmental organizations. In the sino-us sports exchange of the early cold war period, one of the education non-governmental organizations, National Committee on U.S.-China Relations deeply involved and played an important role, while the sports nongovernmental organizations actively cooperated. In the sino-us sports exchanges of the middle and late cold war period, sports nongovernmental organizations gradually took the dominant position, while education non-governmental organizations gradually withdrew from the big stage of sino-us sports exchanges until finally completely left. Generally, the involvement of us NGOs in sinous sports exchanges is positive. However, behind this positive role, there is also the objective of American NGOs to actively carry out cultural diplomacy and obtain first-hand information about China. In the process of sino-us sports exchange, non-governmental organizations are interdependent with the government, at the same time, they maintain their independence, and even sometimes deliberately weaken the role and influence of government. There are complementary and competitive characteristics among NGOs.