家庭资本与教养方式:青少年身体活动的家庭阶层差异

    Family Capital and Parenting Style:Family Class Differences in Adolescent Physical Activity

    • 摘要: 利用2016年儿童青少年体育健身状况调查数据, 分别采用描述统计和多层次Logistic回归模型, 探讨了青少年身体活动家庭教养方式的阶层差异。发现我国青少年身体活动的家庭阶层差异已初具特点, 家庭所处的阶层越高, 子女的身体活动参与程度越高, 但身体活动总量上阶层差异甚微, 表现为中产阶级家庭并未形成稳定的身体活动惯习。青少年身体活动的差异主要源自家庭阶层, 学校的培养作用相对较弱, 尽管中高收入家庭为子女选择了更具资源优势的学校, 但这一优势并未对形成阶层健康差异发挥作用, 且教育模式也不利于子女健康行为的形成。身体活动的教养方式存在家庭阶层的差异, 家庭阶层对青少年身体活动的影响是通过教养方式实现的。家庭阶层越高, 父母对子女身体活动的陪伴、支持和引导作用越强, 子女身体活动达到推荐量的可能性越大。

       

      Abstract: The article explored the class differences in parenting styles of adolescents' physical activity. We used the data of the survey on physical activity (PA) of children and adolescents in 2016. The descriptive statistics and multi-level logistic regression models were used to test hypothesis. This paper found that the family class differences in the PA of adolescents in China had begun to take shape. There were differences in total PA among all family classes. The adolescents' total PA were higher in high-class families.And the stable habits of PA do not form in the middle-class families. The differences in PA among adolescents were mainly due to the family class. The PA education in school was relatively weak. Although middle-and high-income families selected schools with more resource advantages for their children, these advantages did not play a role in forming PA habits. And the PA educational methods were also not conducive to the formation of healthy behavior. The parenting style of PA had differences in family class and the influence of family class on adolescent PA was achieved through family parenting style. The higher the family class, the more the parent's companionship, support, and guidance for PA, and the greater the likelihood that the adolescent's PA reached the WHO recommend.

       

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