从“体育哲学中的身体”到“体育中的身体”——对体育哲学身体研究范式的现象学批判与重建
From “Body in Sport Philosophy” to “Body in Sport”——a Phenomenological Critic and Reconstruction of the Research Paradigm of Body Study in Sport Philosophy
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摘要: 范式问题是当代体育哲学研究新阶段的议题之一。基于“体育哲学中的身体”的形而上学范式主导着当今体育哲学身体研究, 主要呈现为概念化与社会学化范式。在现象学理论的批判反思下, 概念化范式困于概念无穷倒推的“西西弗斯困境”, 而以“运动态身体”为代表理论的社会学化范式困于“解释鸿沟”与“李贝特实验”, 两者均无法与体育直接关联, 悬置于体育学众研究之外。基于“体育中的身体”的研究范式源发于现象学理论对体育哲学身体研究的重建, 梅洛·庞蒂的“身体图式”与“意向弧”理论重建了体育哲学身体哲学度, 从而将体育哲学与体育心理学、体育社会学积极关联, 形成了现象学化体育哲学身体研究范式与对体育哲学研究任务的反思。Abstract: Paradigm is one of the key issues in the contemporary study of sport philosophy. Nowadays paradigm based on the “body in sport philosophy” dominates the main stream of sport philosophy, which represents as Metaphysical Paradigm and Sociological Paradigm. Under the phenomenological critic, the Metaphysical Paradigm is trapped in the “Sisyphus Dilemma” and the Sociological Paradigm is trapped in the “Explanation Gap”, thus both of them can not connect with sport directly and remain outside the sport science. Paradigm based on the “body in sport” originates from the re-construction of sport philosophy by phenomenology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's “body schema” and “intentional arc” rebuild the conceptual system of paradigm for the body study in sport philosophy. Bernard Andrieu's body emersive theory leads the new paradigm to practical way, which combines sport philosophy with sport psychology and sport physiology, and results in the phenomenological paradigm of body study in sport philosophy as well as the reconsideration on the task of sport philosophy.