秦始皇帝陵K9901出土角抵俑及铜鼎考——兼论战国秦汉角抵百戏的演变

The Textual Research of the Jiao-Di Opera Figure and Bronze Tripod from Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor——the Evolution of Jiao-Di and Chinese Acrobatics in Warring States Period and Qin/Han Dynasty

摘要: 采用考古发现结合文献资料调研、实证研究等方法, 对秦始皇帝陵园K9901陪葬坑出土陶俑与铜鼎进行深入考证, 认为这11件陶俑应为“角抵俑”而非原发掘报告所称“百戏俑”, 同坑中出土铜鼎应为秦角抵时“扛鼎”之鼎。同时就角抵的概念、来源、活动形态及其与“角抵戏”“百戏”的关系进行了梳理, 指出秦始皇帝陵园K9901陪葬坑秦角抵俑与铜鼎的发现在中国古代体育史、摔跤史及举重史上具有重要意义与研究价值。

Abstract: Based on archaeological findings, this article uses literature and sports empirical research methods to explore the Jiao-Di Opera Figure and Bronze Tripod from Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Funerary Pit No. K9901) . There are 11 pottery figurines in this pit should belong to Jiao-Di figures. They do not belong to Chinese acrobatics figures. There is a bronze tripod from this pit. The bronze tripod should be a tripod, which used in Qin dynasty's Jiao-Di activity. In this article, the concept, origin, activity form of Jiao-Dai and the relationship between Jiao Dai and China acrobatics are sorted out. At the same time, this article points out that the Jiao-Di figure and bronze tripod from K9901 pit have important significance and academic value in sports history, wresting history and lifting weights history in ancient China.