Abstract: The mitochondrial morphology, structure, quantity, volume, quality and function are always in a stable state, which is defined as mitochondrial homeostasis. TFEB-mediated mitochondrial quality control is an important endogenous signaling regulatory mechanism in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Exercise-mediated TFEB can promote the mitochondrial biogenesis,increase the number and volume of mitochondria, and eventually improve the mitochondrial function. Exercise-mediated TFEB may affect mitochondrial fusion and fission, and eventually remodel the structure of mitochondrial network. In addition, exercisemediated TFEB can also initiate mitophagy, promote the degradation of damaged, aging or nonfunctional mitochondria, and eventually improve the integrity of mitochondrial quantity, quality and function. It is suggested that exercise-mediated TFEB can establish a dynamic signal coupling mechanism among mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission cycle, and mitophagy, which eventually improve mitochondrial quality control and ensure the functional integrity of mitochondrial homeostasis system. The future studies which focus on exercise-mediated TFEB in regulating mitochondrial quality control will further enrich and prefect the molecular signal theory of mitochondrial homeostasis regulation.