Abstract: As an important part of modern European gymnastics, Czech gymnastics is a gymnastics system with extensive influence and outstanding representation in the world after the Western European gymnastics represented by Germany and the Nordic gymnastics represented by Sweden and Denmark. The emergence and evolution of modern Czech gymnastics has its unique historical tradition and humanistic social ecological environment. In terms of artifacts and ideological characteristics, Modern Czech gymnastics not only has the nationalist commonality but also its the personality. The Modern Czech gymnastics gradually matured in theory, form and organization at the end of the 19 th century. The spread of Czech gymnastics in China, USA, Russia and other countries has expanded its influ ence and popularity. The use of gymnastics as a mean to promote human development is gradually being valued and applied by all countries. The emergence and development of Czech gymnastics is an important symbol of the development of the modern European gymnastics system. To a certain extent, it continues the influence and vitality of modern European gymnastics.