Abstract: How to assess physical literacy is a difficult problem, but Canadian physical literacy assessment(CAPL) has made great achievements. With the help of literature, through logical reasoning, comparative analysis and other methods, the paper analyzes the historical background and evolution of CAPL, explores the main reasons for the evolution of CAPL, analyzes the trend and deficiency of physical literacy assessment of the evolution of CAPL, and finally puts forward the enlightenment of the physical literacy assessment in China. The main reasons for the evolution of CAPL are that the sample source needs to be expanded, the dimension score needs to be corrected, and the standard evaluation needs to be refined. The evolution of CAPL reflects the close connection of four dimensions, interdisciplinary integration and humanized implementation trend. However, there are differences between measurement and physical literacy, assessment has not got rid of the traditional linear evaluation, and the combination with school physical education needs to be studied. In the future, the data collection of physical literacy assessment of China should be long-term vertical rather than instantaneous horizontal, the object of evaluation should evaluate people and objects, not just evaluators, and the evaluation function should focus on the overall evaluation and individual feedback rather than group differentiation.