胡齐, 刘宇. 2020: 姿态不对称对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响. 体育科学, 40(10): 41-49. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202010005
    引用本文: 胡齐, 刘宇. 2020: 姿态不对称对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响. 体育科学, 40(10): 41-49. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202010005
    HU Qi, LIU Yu. 2020: Effects of Posture Asymmetry on the Aerodynamic Characteristics during Flight in Ski Jumping. China Sport Science, 40(10): 41-49. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202010005
    Citation: HU Qi, LIU Yu. 2020: Effects of Posture Asymmetry on the Aerodynamic Characteristics during Flight in Ski Jumping. China Sport Science, 40(10): 41-49. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202010005

    姿态不对称对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响

    Effects of Posture Asymmetry on the Aerodynamic Characteristics during Flight in Ski Jumping

    • 摘要: 目的:探讨姿态不对称(包括偏航旋转与翻滚旋转)对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响。方法:将跳台滑雪运动员与滑雪板作为一个多体系统,采用部分时均(partially averaged Navier-Stokes,PANS)湍流模型并通过计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)方法数值模拟预测了多体系统姿态不对称情况下跳台滑雪飞行阶段空气动力学特性。偏航旋转角计算工况包括2.5°、5.0°、7.5°、10.0°、12.5°和15.0°,翻滚旋转角计算工况包括2.5°、5.0°、7.5°、10.0°、12.5°和15.0°。结果:1)受偏航旋转影响或翻滚旋转影响,多体系统明显产生偏航力、偏航力矩、翻滚力矩,且数值均呈现单调增大趋势;2)偏航旋转或翻滚旋转均对多体系统的升力、阻力以及俯仰力矩产生较大影响,当偏航旋转角为15.0°时,多体系统总升力减小10.14 N,总阻力增大36.71 N,总升阻比减小0.439,俯仰力矩数值增大2.59 N·m;当翻滚旋转角为15.0°时,多体系统总升力减小51.82 N,总阻力减小11.89 N,总升阻比减小0.204,俯仰力矩数值减小19.51 N·m。结论:1)翻滚旋转的不利影响普遍显著于偏航旋转的不利影响;2)多体系统存在偏航自稳定与翻滚自稳定现象,同时为侧向风环境下跳台滑雪飞行稳定性控制提供一种可能的解决方案,即通过采取适当的偏航旋转角或(与)翻滚旋转角来大部分抵消甚至消除侧向风的不利影响;3)姿态不对称对跳台滑雪飞行阶段气动特性的影响机理能够为比赛临场预判与决策提供有效的辅助支持。

       

      Abstract: Objective: To determine the effects of posture asymmetry which includes yaw rotation and roll rotation on the aerodynamic characteristics during flight in ski jumping. Methods: The athletes and skis were regarded as a multi-body system. By using partially averaged Navier-Stokes(PANS) turbulence model and numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the aerodynamic characteristics during flight under different asymmetric postures were predicted. The calculation conditions of yaw rotation angle include 2.5°, 5.0°, 7.5°, 10.0°, 12.5° and 15.0°, and the calculation conditions of roll rotation angle include 2.5°, 5.0°,7.5°, 10.0°, 12.5° and 15.0°. Results: 1) Under the influence of yaw rotation or roll rotation, the yaw force, yaw moment and roll moment are obviously generated in the multi-body system, and the values all show a monotone increasing trend; 2) both yaw rotation and roll rotation have great influence on the lift, drag and pitch moment in the multi-body system. When yaw rotation angle is 15.0°, the total lift of the system decreases by 10.14 N, the total drag increases by 36.71 N, the total lift-to-drag ratio decreases by 0.439, and the value of pitch moment increases by 2.59 N·m. When roll rotation angle is 15.0°, the total lift of the system decreases by 51.82 N, the total drag decreases by 11.89 N, the total lift-to-drag ratio decreases by 0.204, and the value of pitch moment increases by 19.51 N·m. Conclusion: 1) The adverse effects of roll rotation are generally more significant than that of yaw rotation; 2) the multi-body system has a phenomena of yaw self-stability and roll self-stability, and a possible solution to maintain the stability of ski jumping flight under lateral wind can be proposed, i. e., by taking appropriate yaw rotation angle or(with) roll rotation angle to largely offset or even eliminate the adverse effects of lateral wind; 3) the influence mechanism of posture asymmetry on the aerodynamic characteristics during flight in ski jumping can provide effective auxiliary support for on-the-spot prediction and decision-making.

       

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