足球专项灵敏:训练方法及效果评价系统综述

    Soccer Agility:A Systematic Review of Training Methods and Effect Evaluation

    • 摘要: 目的:对现阶段国际先进的足球专项灵敏素质训练方法进行综述与评价,为提高我国足球专项灵敏素质训练水平提供借鉴和指导。方法:在Web of Science、PubMed和EBSCO数据库中以soccer、agility和training为关键词检索发表于2010年1月1日—2019年9月1日的研究文献,而后采用改良PEDro质量评估筛选评分系统对最终纳入的相关文献进行质量评价。结果:共纳入31篇文献,质量评价平均得分为15分(范围9~19分)。其中,反应能力(5篇)平均训练时间为5周(范围1次/7周),专项灵敏素质提高3.8%~12.6%;速度素质(11篇)平均训练时间为8周(范围3~12周),专项灵敏素质提高-1.0%~11.4%;超等长收缩(6篇)平均训练时间为8周(范围6~12周),专项灵敏素质提高0.9%~10.7%;力量和平衡(5篇)素质平均训练时间为7周(范围6~9周),专项灵敏素质提高0%~6.6%;拉伸(4篇)3篇为一次性训练,专项灵敏素质提高2.3%~8.5%。结论:1)足球专项灵敏素质训练过程中有机结合多样化的反应能力训练、多种形式的速度训练,并且适量结合力量训练,将使训练效果最大化;2)超等长收缩训练对肌肉刺激强度大,可通过提高关节稳定性、神经肌肉适应性和肌肉间的协调一致性,有效提高足球专项灵敏素质,但对少年儿童运动员实施训练时需谨慎考虑运动模式和强度等因素;3)在足球训练中和比赛前后要安排一定比例的动态、静态平衡和拉伸训练。

       

      Abstract: Objective: To summarize and evaluate the advanced training methods of soccer agility, in order to provide reference and guidance for improving the training level of soccer agility in China. Methods: The research literatures published from January 1,2010 to September 1, 2019 were searched in the Web of Science, PubMed and EBSCO databases by using the key words of“soccer”, “agility” and “training”, and then the quality of the included literatures was evaluated by the modified PEDro qualityassessment screening scoring system. Results: A total of 32 articles were included and the average score of quality evaluation was 14 points(range 9~19). Among them, the average training duration of reaction ability(5 articles) was 5 weeks(rang 1 time to 7 weeks), and soccer agility was improved by 3.8%~12.6%; the average training duration of sprint(10 articles) was 7.9 weeks(range6~12 weeks), and soccer agility was improved by-1.0%~11.4%; the average training duration of plyometric(7 articles) was 8.3 weeks(range 6 to 12 weeks), and soccer agility was improved by 0.9%~10.7%; the average training duration of strength and balance(5 articles) was 7 weeks(range 6~9 weeks), and soccer agility was improved by 1.0%~9.9%; the stretching training(5 articles) was one-time training, and soccer agility was improved by 2.3% to 8.5%. Conclusions: 1) The combination of diversified reaction ability training, speed training and strength training will maximize the training effect; 2) The stimulation intensity of plyometric training was high, it can effectively improve the joint stability, neuromuscular adaptability and coordination, so as to improve the soccer agility. However, it is necessary to carefully consider the exercise pattern and intensity when carrying out plyometric training for children athletes; 3) A certain proportion of dynamic, static balance and stretch training shoud be arranged before and after the soccer training and match.

       

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