Abstract: Data as an effective tool is of great value to promote the modernization of sports governance system and governance capabilities. Mainly using the literature method to discuss the modernization of data-driven sports governance, the study explores the realization logic of data-driven sports governance modernization, construct a theoretical framework for the modernization of datadriven sports governance and analyze the real-world challenges it faces. On this basis, the path choice of China's data-driven sports governance modernization is proposed. The research holds that data technology has promoted the intelligentization of sports governance methods, the dynamic governance process, and the precision of governance decisions. The theoretical framework of datadriven sports governance modernization consists of governance subject, governance object, governance mechanism and governance data platform. At present, China's data-driven sports governance still faces many challenges in terms of concepts, systems, security,technology, human resources, etc., and in the future, we should adhere to the “people-centered” governance orientation, promote collaborative, law-based and accurate governance, and implement the digital talent strategy to promote the realization of the modernization of sports governance.