Abstract: The sustained development of competitive sports in China is attributed to the great advantage of the national system, and the public financial investment in sports at the provincial level is an important basis for implementing the institutional advantage.With the in-depth promotion of the construction of leading sports nation, it is important to further increase policy support, improve the public financial sports investment mechanism, and optimize the financial investment structure and efficiency. Starting from the basic theory of economics, this paper selects 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China as the research sample,analyzes 7 input and output indicators related to 2019, and uses the top 8 in domestic and foreign competitions as output indicators.Starting from the basic theory of economics, this paper combines two analytical models, DEA-CCR and DEA-BBC, to empirically analyze the effectiveness of public financial inputs of competitive sports at the provincial level in China. The results show that: 1) 28provinces and municipalities have a mean value of 0.72 in terms of overall efficiency, and 7 provinces have reached the DEA strong effective state. 2) 16 provinces and municipalities have input redundancy. 3) In terms of competitive sports performance output, 12provinces have an average output deficit rate of 166.4% in terms of international performance points. Conclusion: Under the current system, public financial input is an indispensable and important part of the construction of a strong sports nation, and China's provincial sports administrative departments can perform their competitive sports mission relatively efficiently with limited input resources. However, the government should pay attention to the direction and efficiency of resource allocation, and gradually improve the development model of competitive sports that combines the national system and market mechanism, so as to enhance the effectiveness of public finance for competitive sports and accelerate the construction of leading sports nation.