周青山, 梁婧. 2022: 论兴奋剂违规处罚抗辩中的非故意证明新路径. 体育科学, 42(5): 88-97. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202205009
    引用本文: 周青山, 梁婧. 2022: 论兴奋剂违规处罚抗辩中的非故意证明新路径. 体育科学, 42(5): 88-97. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202205009
    ZHOU Qing-shan, LIANG Jing. 2022: The New Method of Non-intentional Proof in the Defense of Doping Violations. China Sport Science, 42(5): 88-97. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202205009
    Citation: ZHOU Qing-shan, LIANG Jing. 2022: The New Method of Non-intentional Proof in the Defense of Doping Violations. China Sport Science, 42(5): 88-97. DOI: 10.16469/j.css.202205009

    论兴奋剂违规处罚抗辩中的非故意证明新路径

    The New Method of Non-intentional Proof in the Defense of Doping Violations

    • 摘要: 2021版《世界反兴奋剂条例》认可了自国际体育仲裁法庭判例中发展出来的、根据故意定义证明非故意路径之价值。根据故意定义证明非故意时,不要求运动员说明禁用物质来源,只要证据所反映的相关事实能够证明运动员既不是为提高竞赛成绩而故意使用兴奋剂,也没有无视可能存在的违规风险,就可以推翻故意推定从而减免禁赛处罚。通过对《世界反兴奋剂条例》相关规定变化的梳理,以及对国际体育仲裁法庭代表性案例要点的整理与归纳,可知该路径仅在无法说明禁用物质的确切来源且案件特殊的前提下适用,适用时运动员要根据实际情况说明可反驳故意违规的情形、对禁用物质的可能来源作出合理解释并举证证明自己的说法。考虑到食品安全状况,运动员和体育组织应当从不同角度关注非故意证明新路径实施方式的具体变化,以便在反兴奋剂实践中积极运用。

       

      Abstract: The method of proving not intentional based on the definition of intentional violation developed from the precedents of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, and its value is recognized by the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code. When using this method to establish that the violation was not intentional, an athlete can disprove intention without showing the origin of the prohibited substance and therefore reduce the sanction of ineligibility if the relevant evidence demonstrates that he neither doped to enhance competition performance or disregarded the potential risk of violation. Through reviewing the changes in the relevant articles of the World Anti-Doping Code and summarizing the main points in the representative cases of the Court of Arbitration for Sport, it is clear that this method is only applied in the exceptional cases which the exact source of the prohibited substance cannot be identified, and when the method is applied, the athlete is required to state the circumstances that would rebut the intentional presumption, and provide a reasonable explanation of the possible source of the prohibited substance, and adduce evidence to support his claims.Considering the food safety situation, both athletes and sports organizations should focus on specific changes in the way this new method of non-intentional proof is implemented from different perspectives in order to actively apply it in anti-doping practice.

       

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