Abstract: Aerobic fitness is an important indicator to reflect the physical health level and exercise ability of teenagers. Influenced by the theory of“sensitive period”of youth physical training, the controversies are existed on the issues of trainability, training mechanism, influencing factors and effective training programs, which affects the scientific development of youth aerobic capacity training. Based on existing researches, this study summarized the literatures of aerobic capacity training in prepubertal adolescents.The main conclusions are: 1) The aerobic capacity can be improved through scientific training in prepubertal adolescents; 2) the physiological mechanism of the improvement of aerobic capacity of prepubertal adolescents are as follows: increased stroke output,increased oxygen transport and oxygen utilization capacity, and enhanced muscle metabolism and oxidation capacity; 3) the development of adolescents' aerobic capacity is affected by growth and development, such as chronological age(hereinafter referred to as age) and maturity, the trainability is not related to growth but negatively correlated with the initial physical level; 4) the highintensity interval training is an economical and effective training method to improve aerobic capacity in prepubertal adolescents; 5)the common pattern of aerobic capacity training for adolescents is: incorporates continuous and interval exercises involving large muscle groups, the training program duration lasts 12 weeks, the training is conducted 3 to 4 sessions per week, 40 to 60 minutes per session, and the intensity is 85% to 90% of maximum heart rate. Among them, the training intensity is the decisive factor affecting training effect.