武术专业教育的发展历程、存在问题及改革方略
Analysis on the Development Course, Existing Problems and Reform Strategies of Wushu Professional Education
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摘要: 为落实《关于实施中华优秀传统文化传承发展工程的意见》,促进中华优秀传统武术文化传承发展体系的建设,通过文献资料分析和访谈,在回顾武术专业教育发展历程基础上,解析其技术课程存在的问题,提出具体改革方略。研究认为,武术专业教育长期以来以运动竞赛领域的竞技武术为指针设置技术教学内容,忽视作为中华武术之主体的传统武术技艺,导致武术整体发展存在生存危机、中华优秀传统武术文化难以通过高层次人才传承、传统的武术文化精神难以弘扬、教学内容与社会需求脱钩等多种问题。应改革武术专业教育的教学内容,在实际操作层面将传统武术技艺课程化、系统化、学术化:1)将传统武术技艺作为技术教学内容的主体纳入武术专业教育,形成“一个主体,三个方向,武功与整复结合”的专业技术课程模式;2)改变仅以片段化的套路为教学内容的现状,按照传统武术技艺的内在规律,将系统化的技术体系纳入专业教学,形成武术技术课程的主体;3)提炼传统武术技艺的内在规律,形成传统武术技艺的理论体系、技术体系、训练体系,实现传统武术技艺的学术化。Abstract: In order to implement “the project of inheritance and development of Chinese excellent traditional culture”, promote building the system of inheritance and development of Chinese excellent traditional Wushu culture, using document method and interview method, the paper reviewed the development process of Wushu professional education, analyzed the problems existing in its technical courses, and then put forward the specific reform strategies. The study found that Wushu professional education has designed the teaching content in the field of competition and ignored traditional Wushu skills as the main body of Chinese Wushu,which leads to many problems such as Wushu overall survival crisis, the difficulty of inheriting the excellent traditional Chinese Wushu culture through high-level talents, the difficulty of carrying forward the cultural spirit of traditional Wushu, decoupling of teaching content from social needs. Thus, the teaching content of Wushu education should be reformed. To be specific, traditional Wushu skills should be systematically designed in academic curriculum at the practical level: 1) Traditional Wushu skills should be incorporated into the professional education of Wushu as the main body of technical teaching content to form a professional and technical curriculum model of “one subject, three directions, combining Wushu and body's adjustment and recovery”; 2) we should change the present situation of teaching only fragmented routines, incorporate systematic technical system into professional teaching and form the main body of Wushu technical curriculum according to the internal law of traditional Wushu skills; 3) the internal laws of traditional Wushu are refined to form the theoretical system, technical system and training system of traditional Wushu, so as to realize the academic transformation of traditional Wushu.