职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员的压力源暴露、意义重建与情绪调节——基于修订的表达性写作
Stressors Exposure, Meaning Reconstruction and Emotion Improvement for Professional Football Club U-series Players——Based on Revised Expressive Writing
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摘要: 目的:探讨职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员通过表达性写作(expressive writing,EW)暴露的压力源及其意义重建进程,分析EW对负性情绪的干预效应。方法:基于质性研究范式和定量数据补充分析思路,将28名负性情绪较高的梯队运动员随机分入自由式EW组和结构式EW组,自由式EW组进行5周标准EW干预,结构式EW组进行5周融入社会支持、反刍思维干预的EW,同时在干预前后通过量表测量负性情绪、反刍思维、社会支持水平。采用“文心”(TextMind)中文心理分析系统对EW资料进行文本分析。结果:EW暴露压力源的概念建构显示,一级词句共36条,可归纳为12个二级主题,描述为3个三级主题。随时间推移,自由式EW组参与者情绪和认知词词频逐渐增加,而结构式EW组的情绪和认知词词频则出现上下起伏的非线性变化。负性情绪总分及各分量表后测得分的组间差异均显著,结构式EW组干预效果显著更优。结论:职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员通过EW暴露的压力源包括训练与比赛中的竞技压力源、俱乐部与队伍中的组织压力源、生活与学习中的压力源,自由式和结构式EW都具有通过改善情绪和增加认知表露对压力源进行意义重建的作用,融入社会支持和反刍思维干预而修订的结构式EW能够更有地效缓解职业足球俱乐部梯队运动员的负性情绪。Abstract: Objective: To explore the progress of expressive writing(EW) on stressors exposing and meaning reconstruction, and then to analyze the effects of EW on negative emotions in professional football club U-series athletes. Method: Based on qualitative research paradigm and quantitative data supplementary analysis, 28 mentally stressed U-series players were randomly divided into freestyle and structured expressive writing groups. The freestyle group received 5-week standard writing paradigm intervention,while the structured group received 5-week expressive writing intervention which integrated social support and ruminated thinking.The level of negative emotion, ruminated thinking and social support were measured by the scales at before and after the intervention. The Chinese psychoanalysis system “TextMind” was used to perform textual analysis of EW data. Results: The conceptual mapping of stressors showed that there were 36 first level words and sentences, which could be summarized into 12second level themes and described as 3 third level themes. As time went on, the emotional and cognitive word frequency were gradually increased in the freestyle expressive writing group, while the emotional and cognitive word frequency of the structured expressive writing group showed non-linear fluctuations. There were significant differences between the two groups in the total score of negative emotion and the post-test scores of each subscale, and the intervention effect of the structured expression writing group was better. Conclusions: The stressors exposed by professional football club U-series athletes through EW writing include competitive stressors in training and competitions, organizational stressors in clubs and teams, and stressors in life and learning.Both of the two EW methods can reconstruct the meaning of stressors by improving emotions and cognitive disclosure. The modified structural EW, which integrates social support and ruminated thinking intervention, can more effectively alleviate the negative emotions of professional football club U-series athletes.
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