Abstract: Objective: To constructi a comprehensive evaluation system and analyze the factors influencing the performance for shortboard surfing competitions. Methods: The Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process were used to build a comprehensive evaluation system, and then the influence degree of each factor was calculated. The effectiveness of the theoretical model of winning factors was verified by the inverse number test method. Results: The comprehensive evaluation system of factors influencing the performance for short-board surfing includes 7 first-level indexes and 22 secondary-level indexes. The internal environment composed of four fisrt-level indexes including technology, completion, tactics and body played a decisive role in the final result,which accounting for 85.96% of the influence degree. The external environment composed of three first-level indexes, including environment, artificial factors and equipment, had a lower influence degree which was only 14.04%. Based on the 2020 National Surfing Championship and the World Surfing League Tour, the validity of the comprehensive evaluation system of factors influencing the performance for short-board surfing was verified by the Reverses number test method. The results showed that this comprehensive evaluation system and the proportion of its influence degree were highly associated with the results of international authoritative rankings. Conclusions: The comprehensive evaluation system of factors influencing the performance for short-board surfing constructed in this study has good validity.