Abstract: This study, rooted in Marxist philosophical principles, provides an interpretation of the threefold essence of a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide on sports with Chinese characteristics. Drawing from organizational performance and functional decentralization theories, it endeavors to construct an explanatory framework for the new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide on sports with Chinese characteristics. Furthermore, it emphasizes that the “characteristics” element lies in the value-based governance model “centered on the people”, the “new” aspect resides in the power governance structure of “distributed collaboration”, and the “advantageous” factor can be found in the mechanism of governance efficiency transformation through “responsibility encouragement”. Subsequently, the study dissects the logical path of a new system for mobilizing the resources nationwide on sports with Chinese characteristics across four dimensions: the political advantage of unwavering leadership of the Communist Party of China as its foundational logic, the historical logic of transitioning from a singular goal in a planned economy to achieving overlapping consensus amidst diverse interests, the governance logic of moving from administrative control to institutionalized collaboration, and the practical logic of shifting from overall dominance to precise enhancement of institutional efficiency.