Abstract: As an advanced quality form of productive forces driving the high-quality economic and social development, digital new quality productive forces, which take data as the key factor, computing power and algorithms as the core driving force, and platform ecology as the organizational carrier, provide brand-new momentum for solving the structural contradictions of the national fitness public service system. Based on the five-dimensional analytical framework of “space-resource-function-service-governance”, this paper systematically interprets the internal logic of digital new quality productive forces empowering the optimization of the national fitness public service system: reconstructing the logic of spatial layout through dynamic data, integrating diverse resources via platform collaboration, expanding service functions with intelligent technologies, realizing personalized supply through accurate profiling, and breaking collaborative barriers with digital governance. On this basis, combined with the current development status of the national fitness public service system, this paper deeply analyzes the practical dilemmas existing in its five dimensions, including the mismatch between static planning and dynamic demands, imbalanced resource allocation and insufficient collaboration, single function and weak experience, generalized services and lack of precision, as well as segmented governance and data barriers. Accordingly, it puts forward practical approaches: constructing a dynamically adaptive digital spatial layout system, building a diversified and collaborative resource sharing network, expanding experience-upgraded digital application scenarios, establishing an accurate and efficient service supply model, and constructing a digital governance platform for collaborative co-governance. This study aims to promote the high-quality transformation of the national fitness public service system, and provide solid theoretical support and practical driving force for the implementation of the strategies of Building a Sports Powerful Country and Healthy China.