Abstract: By using the methods of literature analysis, historical analysis and logical analysis, this paper studies the centennial course, mode change and experience enlightenment of the development of the Party-led mass sports. The research suggests that the historical practice and experience of mass sports under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the past century not only provide brilliant ideas for the development of basic sports theories with Chinese characteristics in the new era, but also provide vivid materials for the Communist Party of China history learning and educational activities in the new era. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, mass sports has experienced the period of the new democratic revolution, the socialist revolution and construction, the reform and opening up and modernization, and the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics,which made the mass sports develop from the“sport mode”with strong political complexion to the“activity mode”with autonomy and spontaneity. Its development is mainly reflected in the following aspects: In the national dimension, it has realized the image transformation from“Sick man of East Asia”to“major sports country”and then to“leading sporting nation”; in the people dimension, it has realized the subject transformation from“being enslaved”to“being the master of the country”and then to“leading a better life”; in the path dimension, it has realized the power transformation from“mass mobilization”to“citizen participation” and then to “citizen consciousness”. Its historical experience is as follows: Mass sports must adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people-centered approach, the principle of seeking truth from facts; must accurately grasp the social principal contradiction, arrange the strategic planning of long-term development.