下肢低强度加压半蹲起训练对核心区肌群肌肉激活程度和主观疲劳度的影响
Effects of Low-intensity Semi-squat KAATSU Training on Activation Degree of Core Muscle Groups and Rating of Perceived Exertion
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摘要: 目的:分析下肢低强度加压半蹲起训练对核心区肌群肌肉的激活特征和主观疲劳度的影响。方法:招募北京队青少年女子摔跤运动员10名,在持续加压、间歇加压和不加压的条件下,进行4组半蹲起练习,第1组重复30次,其余均为15次,负荷重量为30%1 RM。采用专业加压训练设备,将加压带绑定在大腿中上1/3处,其中捆绑压设定为40 mmHg,充气压为180 mmHg。在加压训练方案实施前后进行4次测试,整个练习过程中,采集腹直肌、腹外斜肌、竖脊肌和臀大肌表面肌电信号,并计算出每次练习时的均方根振幅值(root mean square,RMS)标准值。同时,在各组训练完成后,进行主观疲劳度测试。结果:1)腹外斜肌在持续和间歇加压训练后RMSMVC值显著提高(P<0.05),竖脊肌在加压训练后RMSMVC值均显著降低(P<0.05),时间和组别交互作用对臀大肌的RMSMVC值有显著性影响(F=2.70,P<0.05),臀大肌在持续加压和间歇加压训练后RMSMVC值均显著降低(P<0.05);2)不加压时,仅最后3次蹲起时腹直肌RMS标准值显著增大(P<0.05),持续加压时,除压前后腹直肌RMS标准值均显著增大(P<0.05),间歇加压训练除压后腹直肌RMS标准值显著增大(P<0.05)。持续加压时,腹外斜肌除压后RMS标准值显著增大(P<0.05)。持续加压时,除压后竖脊肌RMS标准值显著增大(P<0.05),但间歇加压时除压前后均显著增加(P<0.05);3)在4组半蹲起运动中,加压条件下腹直肌、腹外斜肌、竖脊肌RMS标准值显著大于不加压时(P<0.05),且臀大肌显著小于不加压时(P<0.05)。在4组练习过程中,加压练习时腹直肌、腹外斜肌、竖脊肌RMS标准值均表现出逐组递增的现象,而臀大肌逐组降低,时间和每组练习交互作用对臀大肌的RMS标准值具有显著性影响(F=3.81,P<0.05);4)加压状态下,4组练习结束后主观疲劳度均显著大于非加压状态(P<0.01),除压后主观疲劳度较非加压状态显著增加(P<0.05)。结论:下肢加压半蹲起训练可以提高腹直肌和腹外斜肌的激活程度,同时达到对臀大肌和竖脊肌的训练效果。加压训练较非加压状态时主观疲劳更为强烈。从整个训练效果来看,持续加压方式优于间歇加压方式。Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of low-intensity semi-squat KAATSU training on activation degree of core muscle groups and rating of perceived exertion. Methods: Ten young female wrestlers from Beijing team were recruited to perform 4 groups of half-squat exercises under the conditions of continuous and intermittent KAATSU and no KAATSU. The first group repeated30 times and the rest 15 times, with a load weight of 30% 1 RM. A special device was used to fix the KAATSU on the middle and upper third of the thigh, the pressure of binding KAATSU was set at 40 mmHg and the inflation KAATSU was 180 mmHg. Four tests were conducted before and after the KAATSU training program, the surface EMG signals of rectus abdominis, external oblique,erector spine and gluteus were collected, and the RMS standard values were calculated for each training. At the same time, after each group completed the training, rating of perceived exertion test was conducted. Results: 1) The RMSMVCvalue of obliqus externus abdominis was significantly increased after continuous KAATSU training and intermittent KAATSU training(P<0.05), and the RMSMVCvalue of erector spinae muscle was significantly decreased after continuous KAATSU training and intermittent KAATSU training(P<0.01). Time and group interaction had a significant effect on the RMSMVCvalue of gluteus maximus muscle(F=2.70, P<0.05). The RMSMVCvalue of gluteus maximus muscle was significantly decreased after continuous and intermittent KAATSU training(P<0.05); 2) Without KAATSU, the standard RMS value of rectus abdominis was significantly increased only in the last three squats(P<0.05); in continuous KAATSU, the standard RMS value of rectus abdominis was significantly increased before and after De-KAATSU(P<0.05); the standard RMS value of rectus abdominis after De-KAATSU of intermittent KAATSU training was significantly increased(P<0.05). The standard RMS value of obliqus externus abdominis was significantly increased with continuous KAATSU(P<0.05). The standard RMS value of erector spine was significantly increased after De-KAATSU in continuous KAATSU(P<0.05), but significantly increased before and after De-KAATSU in intermittent KAATSU(P<0.05); 3) In the four sections of Semi-squat training, the RMS standard values of rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis and erector spinal muscles under KAATSU were significantly higher than those without KAATSU(P<0.05), but that was lower in gluteus(P<0.05).In the four sections, the RMS standard values of rectus abdominis, external oblique and erector spine muscles were increased group by group, while the RMS standard values of gluteus were decreased group by group. The interaction of time and each group had a significant effect on the RMS standard values of gluteus(F=3.81, P<0.05); 4) In the KAATSU state, the subjective fatigue of the 4 groups was significantly higher than that of the non-KAATSU state after the exercise(P<0.01), and the subjective fatigue of the 4 groups was significantly higher than that of the non-KAATSU state after the De-KAATSU(P<0.05). Conclusions: Lower extremity KAATSU semi-squat training can significantly improve the activation degree of rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles, and it also have training effects on gluteus and erector spine muscles, The subjective fatigue of KAATSU training was more intense than that of non-KAATSU training. In the whole training effect, continuous KAATSU is better than intermittent KAATSU.