The Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy and Exercise-Related Molecular Regulatory Role

Autophagy is a basic biological phenomenon which widely exists in eukaryotic cells.It's a metabolic process that degrades a bulk of misfolded or damaged proteins and organelles.Its molecular mechanisms and signaling regulatory mechanisms are highly complex and conserved.As the convergences of various pathways,mTOR and Beclin1 play a crucial role in regulation of autophagy.Different intensity and different forms of exercise training can also modulate autophagy.Generally speaking,appropriate intensity of exercise training can degrade damaged organelles and metabolic wastes as well as provide some energy and synthetic substrates for cell regeneration via upregulating autophagy;at the same time,it can play a constructive role in depress the occurrence and development of diseases in relation to autophagy.However,excessive training can lead to the excessive activation of autophagy and degrade portions of cytoplasm,proteins,and organelles.Eventually,it can lead to cell injury and fatigue,or may even induce autophagic cell death.Meanwhile,exercise training is of great significance to skeletal muscle mass via modulating signaling pathways in relation to autophagy.