~1H NMR-Based Metabonomic Investigation of the Characteristic of Human Urine 30 min after a Heavy Load Training Class on the Middle ＆ Long-distance Race Athletes

Objective:This paper,basing on the means of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),studied a middle&long-distance race athletes metabonomics characteristic 30 min after a class of heavy load training.Methods:14 male athletes from Shanghai athletic team were chosen as subjects.The training class included:A special endurance:8 000m;B special speed-endurance(500mfaster+100mslower)*16.The urine samples were collected before and after 30 min from training.Aliquots of urine sample were thawed for metabonomic analysis through 1 H NMR spectroscopy.All NMR experiments were carried out at 300 Kon a Bruker(Karlsruhe,Germany)Avance III 600 MHz spectrometer equipped with an ultra-low temperature probe.The FIDs processing was conducted using the software MestReNova Version 8.1.4(Mestrelab Research S.L.).The normalized integral values were mean centered for principal component analysis(PCA),partial least squares-discrimination analysis(PLS-DA),and orthogonal projection of latent-structure-discrimination analysis(OPLS-DA)by SIMCA-P+ software package(ver.12.0,Umetrics AB,Ume,Sweden).Results:NMR spectra of urine samples were dominated by the numerous signals from lactate,creatinine,N-oxide,The metabolites of concentration rising included,butyrate,leucine,isobutyrate,lactate,succinate,hypoxanthine,2-hydroxybutyrate,2-hydroxyisovalerate;The metabolites of concentration declining included pyruvate,glutamine,citrate,formate and glycine.Conclusion:This class presents the characteristics of anaerobic,aerobic and mixed oxygen metabolism,and conforms to the characteristics of modern middle &long-distance race,and achieves the purpose of the training class and gets a effectiveness.The rising of butyrate and isobutyrate after the training may be a key metabolism of aerobic.The declining of creatinine and rising of TMAO may be the key metabolisms of fatigue due to heavy load training.