Research Advancement of Unfolded Protein Response in Endoplasmic Reticulum of Insulin Resistance and Exercise Stress

Unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER) can maintain the homeostasis of protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) .It interacts closely with mitophagy through the mitochondria-associated ER membranes, and mediates the development of T2 DM by means of insulin secretion and insulin resistance (IR) .Exercise stress is an effective means for the treatment of T2 DM.It can not only induce UPRER, but also influence mitochondrial biogenesis.However, it is not clear whether exercise stress can affect IR by UPRER.It also needs further discussion if UPRER can be specifically caused by exercise of different types and muscle with different types of metabolism.In the paper, the relationships between UPRER and IR, mitophagy, and exercise are extensively analyzed, aiming to inspire new ideas about the prevention and treatment of T2 DM via exercise.