Different Exercise Modes Up-regulate FSTL1 and Induce Angiogenesis in the Heart with Myocardial Infarction

Objectives:The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different exercise modes on endogenous follistatin like-1(FSTL1)induced angiogenesis in the heart with myocardial infarction(MI).Methods:3-month old adult male sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into 5groups(n=12):Sham-operated group(S),sedentary MI group(MI),MI with interval exercise group(ME),MI with resistance training group(MR)and MI with mechanical vibration group(MV).The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending(LAD)coronary artery.Rats in ME,MR and MV group were underwent 4weeks' training using small animal treadmill,weighted climbing up ladder and small animal vibrating platform,respectively.FSTL1 protein location and neovascularization were observed and analyzed by immunofluorescence staining;FSTL1gene and protein expression were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blot;Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamics;Collagen volume fraction(CVF)of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson's trichrome staining.Results:MI resulted in the up-regulation of myocardium FSTL1,endothelial cell(EC)proliferation and angiogenesis.Myocardial fstl1 gene expression was not affected by MI pathological conditions or exercise modes.Different exercise modes could further increase myocardial FSTL1 protein expression,significantly improve EC proliferation and angiogenesis.The effect of resistance training was more significant than interval exercise,and the mechanical vibration was the weakest.The CVF was reduced and the heart function was effectively improved by different exercise modes after MI.Conclusion:Different exercise modes effectively stimulate endogenous FSTL1 expression and myocardial angiogenesis,decrease myocardial fibrosis and improve heart function after MI.The effect of resistance training is better than interval exercise and mechanical vibration.Comparing the effects of different exercise modes on MI heart protection will provide the experimental basis for exercise rehabilitative mechanism research and the filtration and formulation of exercise prescription of MI patient.