The Roles of Adipokines in the Antidepressant Actions of Exercise

Adipose tissue is recognized as a key regulator of metabolism and energy balance,and its endocrine function has attracted more and more attention in recent years.Adipocytokines are expressed in the brain or central nervous system,and brain dysfunction is associated with the adipocytokines disorders in depressed patients.Moreover,the abnormal expression levels of blood adipocytokines in patients with depression suggests that adipocytokines may be considered as biomarkers in depression.Regular exercise can regulate the expression and secretion of most adipocytokines(such as leptin,adiponectin,irisin,apelin,resistin,nesfatin,et al.);moreover,exercise can improve the depression-like behaviors by regulating the expression levels of monoamine neurotransmitters,HPA axis activity,central inflammation,hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression,and nerve poison metabolism.We hope to find some peripheral adipocytokines as depression biomarkers used for biopsy and further clarify the antidepressant effects of exercise.The findings are supposed to better understand the beneficial effects of exercise on brain function(brain-adipose tissue " crosstalk"),and suggest new targets for novel antidepressants research and personalized exercise intervention of depression.