Comparative Study on Four Calculation Methods of ACL Load Evaluation during Landing
-
Graphical Abstract
-
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to utilize four popular modelling calculation methods to estimate and compare the loadings on ACL during landing, and to investigate the biomechanical principle behind the differences. Methods: choosing a female athlete performed jumping landing from a 40 cm platform with the kinematics, kinetics, and EMG of the lower extremities recorded by the 3 D infrared motion capture system, 3 D force plate, and EMG recording system. Four calculation methods were as follows: 1) calculate the anterior tibia shear force based on inverse dynamic method (ATSF1) ; 2) calculate the anterior tibia shear force based on Paul Devita's mathematical model (ATSF2) ; 3) calculate the muscle forces around the knee joint by Open Sim CMC optimization, then introduce the muscle forces into Paul Devita's model to recalculate the anterior tibia shear force (ATSF3) ; 4) calculate the force on ACL based on the knee model in Open Sim offered by Julia Kar (FACL) . Results: The results from the Open Sim CMC optimization corresponded very well with the curve patterns of the EMG signals. The peak values of loadings on ACL during landing were 1.1 BW (ATSF1) , 2.0 BW (ATSF2) , 4.5 BW (ATSF3) , 1.7 BW (FACL) . The times when the peaks occurred during landing were 62% (ATSF1) , 80% (ATSF2) , 55% (ATSF3) , 36% (FACL) . Conclusion: The traditional inverse dynamic method through calculating ATSF underestimated the loadings on ACL because it failed to quantify the muscle forces. Differences in ACL loading results under different algorithmic models that quantify the muscle force are mainly due to differences in methods of estimating muscle force.
-
-