The Study of “Zhejiang Experience” in Chinese Swimming and Generational Success of American Swimming

The main experience of Zhejiang swimming can be refined as follows: Firstly, the fundamental attributes of the growth cycle of athletes are comprehended from three different levels i.e. beginner, intermediate and elite. Secondly, the key elements that determine talents are measured during the critical stage of developing top athletes. Thirdly, two-level coaching teams at beginner and provincial levels are the underlying assurance of overall success of Zhejiang swimming. Fourthly, as for way of cultivating excellent athletes, independent routine is explored in terms of symbiotic effect, expectancy effect and the effect of passing on from master to disciple. While, the reasons for generational success of American swimming are also summarised as follows: Firstly, the American method of management shows high efficiency of the whole nation system, in which the horizontal cooperation among club, school, state swimming association and national swimming association gives rise to a large population of swimmers. Secondly, all competition area network systems are classified longitudinally via different performance levels and horizontally via different districts. An abundance of competitions provide access to develop talented children and athletes. Also, school is the cradle of good and elite athletes. Thirdly, the type of training system indicates the cooperation and division between schools and clubs. Coaches from kindergarten to university level must be certified. The athletes are all professional except student athletes. Fourthly, the regulations to be a coach are very strict. Coaches must earn enough points annually to remain certified. American coaches are often already experts in biomechanics and psychology and can utilise these skills within their training methods. Finally, some common questions are tracked down comparing American and Chinese swimming, such as, sports training in early childhood, family participation and cultivation mode..