Research Advancement of the Musculoskeletal System in the Regulation of Fat Metabolism by Exercise Intervention

Fat metabolism disorder is an important factor leading to obesity and related metabolic syndrome. Obesity is a kind of systemic disease, the abnormal expression of various secretory factors in the musculoskeletal system is often observed in obese patients, which will induce sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Studies have shown that exercise is effectively in regulating fat metabolism, which is helpful to reduce body fat and decrease the incidence of obesity. As the target organs for direct perception of exercise, muscle and bone participate in the regulations of energy metabolism in multiple organs through their endocrine, paracrine and autocrine functions under exercise stress. In recent years, the effects of exercise on fat metabolism regulation which is mediated by the musculoskeletal system and fat intermolecular "Crosstalk" is highlighted in many researches. However, the specific mechanisms have not been fully revealed yet. The external mechanical stress caused by exercise can trigger the signal response in myocytes and osteocytes and activate series intracellular signal pathways, thereby regulating the secretory function of the musculoskeletal system and regulating adipose tissue metabolism accordingly. In order to explore the mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system in the regulation of fat metabolism by exercise intervention, the effects of exercise on the regulation of musculoskeletal secretory functions and how cytokines regulate adipose tissue metabolism are discussed in this article.