Research Advancement of Neurotrophic Factors in the Pathological Mechanism of Exercise Regulating Parkinson’s Disease

The deficiency of neurotrophic factors(NFs) is an important factor that leading to the decline of brain function and neurodegenerative diseases. Parkinson's disease(PD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disease, and the resting tremor, motor deficiency, bradykinesia, disturbances of postural reflexes, and gait abnormality are main symptoms of PD. The pathological basis is the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the decrease of dopamine(DA) in the basal ganglia of the substantia nigra pars compacta. It was reported that exercise can promote the survival of dopaminergic neurons and increase the DA by promoting the expression of NFs, which will further improve the pathology and disease of PD. The increase of NFs induced by exercise is the potential mechanism, NFs may regulate the level of tyrosine hydroxylase, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor, synapsin, α-synuclein, and the improvement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammatory response. However, the exact regulatory mechanism has not been fully investigated. In addition, exercise mode, intensity and duration have different effects on the expression of NFs. The mechanical stimulation caused by exercise provoke the change of blood circulation through blood-brain barrier and signal molecules, which induces the activation of NFs related signal pathway in the brain, so as to promote NFs to regulate the change of related signal molecules in the brain of PD and improve or alleviate PD. In order to explore the role and mechanism of NFs in the pathology of exercise regulated PD, this study analyzed the expression of NFs induced by exercise and its effects on the regulation of related PD molecules in the brain.