Research Progress on Epigenetic Mechanism of the Effect of Exercise on Bone

Besides gender, age, hormone levels, lifestyle, and mechanical stress, the changes of bone health are also related to the epigenetic regulation pathways. The three main pathways of epigenetic regulation include DNA methylation, histone modification,and non-coding RNA. In the genetic-environment category, as an exogenous mechanical stimulus, exercise can promote bone formation by regulating DNA demethylation, regulate histone modifications to support bone homeostasis, and regulate non-codingRNA to affect bone metabolic pathways. All of the abovementioned pathways are possible mechanisms for improving bone health through epigenetic pathways. The article reviews the recent advances in the research of epigenetic regulation in the field of bone tissue sports medicine, and it will provide new ideas for bone strengthening and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.