Changes and Contemporary Enlightenment of Modern Gymnastics Education

With a view to clarifying the changing context of modern gymnastics education and the characteristics of various schools,and exploring its contemporary inspirations, the research suggests that the revelation of the importance of“physical education”in the field of modern medicine and ideology makes the emergence of modern gymnastics education possible. At the founding stage of modern gymnastics education in the middle and late 18th century, in order to establish gymnastics education belonging to each national, highlight the value of improving personality education, and take“naturalness”as the educational methodology, P. Villaume outlined the basic direction of modern gymnastics education; J.C. F. GutsMuths inherited from the past and set the foundation for the development of modern gymnastic education from practice; G. U. A. Vieth opened the prelude to“scientific”research gymnastics teaching; Johan heinrich Pestalozzi put insights into the personality of gymnastic education from the perspectives of pedagogy and psychology. At the beginning of the 19th century, it was the danger of war and the development of industry that made Germany,Switzerland and Denmark became the three major origins of modern gymnastics globalization. Under the background of nationalism, politics, morality and military character were the universal characteristics of modern gymnastics education in various countries. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn's“German Gymnastics”, which was based on“national character”, emphasized the cultivation of spirit, and attached importance to equipment gymnastics. Per Henrik Ling's“Swedish Gymnastics”, which was based on physiology, had distinctive scientism characteristics, and attached importance to the use of freehand and light equipment gymnastics.N. Bukh corrected the shortcomings of militarized gymnastics education and created a popular“Basic Gymnastics”, highlighting the improvement of robustness, flexibility, and agility, and attach importance to basic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and hand-held light equipment gymnastics. In the middle of 19th century, A. Spiess initiated the compulsory system of gymnastics education in modern schools, which attached importance to collective unarmed gymnastics. The research believes that reflecting on the connotation of“physical education”and“naturalness”, correctly understanding the relationship between body and mind, and considering the cultural attributes of sports as a whole are conducive to a better realization of the modern education mission of gymnastics curriculum.